Active & Passive Identification

We can identify three times pattern in the English language

1. Present Tense

2. Past Tense

3. Future Tense

As well as we can categorize above time patterns two types

1. Active Voice
2. Passive Voice

now we learn step by step above three time under active voice and passive voice

• Simple Present

Active   -          He go to the school ever day

Passive -          The school is gone every day

Active   -          People never  invite me to the party
Passive -          I am never invited to the party

Active   -          Somebody cleans our rooms every Sunday  

Passive -          Our rooms are cleaned very Sunday

☺Objective + Am/Is/Are + Verb(Past Participial Form) + Subject☺

• Simple Past

 Active   -         Someone stole my new car last week

 Passive -          My new car was stolen last week

Active   -          The company gave me a promotion this year
Passive -           I was given a promotion this year by the company

Active   -          They didn't invite me to the tonight party
Passive -           I wasn't invited to the party

☺Objective + Was/Were + Verb(Past Participial Form) + Subject☺

• Present Continuous   

Active   -         He is writing an letter to her mother
Passive -         The letter is being writing to her mother by him

Active   -         My friends are joking me telling about last night
Passive -          I am being joking about last night

Active   -         The army is finding enemies around the world
Passive -          Enemies are being finding around the world

☺Objective + Is/Are/Am + Being + Verb(Past Participial Form) + Subject☺

• Past Continuous 

Active   -         He was writing a letter
Passive -         A letter was being written by him when i went there

Active   -         I was watching a film
Passive -         A films were being watched me

☺Objective + Was/Were + Being + Verb(Past Participial Form) + Subject☺

• Present Perfect 

Active   -         She has taken a loan
Passive -         A loan has been taken by her

Active   -         The student have bought the study packs
Passive -          The study packs have been bought by them

• Past Perfect

Active   -         She had taken a loan
Passive -         A loan had been taken

Active   -         The students had bought the study packs
Passive -          The study packs had been taken by them

• Simple Future 

Active   -         Somebody will clean the office tomorrow
Passive -         The office will be cleaned tomorrow

Active   -         Somebody must clean  the office
Passive -         The office must be cleaned

• Future Continuous 

Active   -         She will be singing a song at the concert
Passive -         A song will be sang at the concert

Active   -         I shall win the competition held on tomorrow
Passive -         The competition will be won held on tomorrow

End of the lesion

Normally ideas are not expressed in Passive Voice in the perfect countinouse time (present / Past / Future ) . Therefore it is better to avoid attempting a Passive Voice in any Perfect Continuous Tense

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Pronouns

Lesson No. 01.C

Recognition

The pronoun is a word used "pro" that is for of a noun or for of several nouns





After studying this lesson you should be able to.

1. Replace a noun by a pronoun
2. Identify Different type of nouns

There are several type of pronouns in English language we learn one by one those nouns

1. Personal Pronouns

Read following two sentences

1. George saw the mobile on the jack's table
2. George left the mobile on the jack's table yesterday

when you read above two sentences that it would like odd but you can write those sentences as follow She

• She left it on the his table yesterday

He	George
It	Mobile
His table	Jack’s table

Now see how this sentence make using pronouns. How you will see that this is a better way saying the second sentence. this better way made possible by using Personal Pronouns.Personal pronouns have singular and plural forms in first person, second person & third person see the following table

Read the following sentences

1. I gave a ticket to sue and she paid me
2. Jon does home works, he is a student
3. The book was given yesterday by you it is a nice one
4. Jack and Sue will go out today they will be at cinema in even

     2. Possessive Pronouns

Personal Pronouns in possissive case are called as the possissive pronouns there are two categories

1st. Before a nouns and modifies it

See following examples and 

1. My mobile in the your bag
2. His pens are on jack's table
3. Its legs are too short
4. Our teachers are very concern about us

2nd. Pronouns that are used like nouns as the subject or objects

1. This notebook is mine
2. They have sold theirs

    3. Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns  are those that relate to some noun previously mentioned these are called as the relative pronouns

That, Which, What, Who, Whom, Whose, Where, Why,

See the following examples

1. The finance manager who is a careful man
2. They have not decided whom to choose for our new president applicant in this election
3. Jon is thinking what mobile should take
4. I have not decided what day to be go there

Now see the removing pronouns in above sentences then you can another sentences in same meaning

As an example see the first sentence

The Finance manager is a careful man . see there is no pronouns 'who'
Study the following sentences and see how and where the put pronouns in a sentence

• The Student Comes to our English class who is our president's son
• Mr Peter is a busy man who is director of many companies
• The this film's main actor stayed at a hotel in Colombo city  Which was a seven stars one 

     4. Interrogative Pronouns

All the 'Wh' questions forms are called as the interrogative pronouns there are sued to ask questions 

Who, Whom, Whose , What, Which, Where, When, Why and How

     5. Demonstrative Pronouns 

This, that, these, those such are categorize as demonstrative pronouns. these are used to point some special objectives 

1. This is my notebook
2. That is the sue's house
3. These are new sheets
4. Those are valuable vehicles 

    6. Indefinite pronouns 

Read the following paragraph

Someone came into the office. he wanted check everything. Somebody gave him something he asked anybody check everything daily. Nobody talking  

Above highlighted wards are called as Indefinite Pronouns. these are always used with a singular verb they don't point to a definite person or a thing 

    7. Reflexive Pronouns

These type of pronouns are prepared by adding 'self' to singular and 'selves' add to the plural of the possessive pronoun

See the following table and study it

End of the lessons 

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Nouns

Lesson No 01. B

Recognition 

Of the part of speech the most commonly used is the nouns, A noun is the term we use to identify a thing a person or a quality

On completion of this lesson you will be able to

1.  Identify a noun form other parts of speech
2.  Identify different type of nouns
3.  Find the different form of the nouns
4.  How to use nouns correctly in a sentence 

we are going study the lesson step by step

Step ǐ

Type of nouns

Nouns can identify under follows
a thing /a place/ a Person/ a Quality

Exercise 01

Here is list of nouns and write them under the above categories 

Colombo, Jon, Management, Sydney, Network, Combo, Honesty, Sue, Completion, Maximum, Film, Adam's peak

Nouns categorized methods

• Nouns can categorized as follow 

1. Common nouns
2. Abstract nouns
3. Proper nouns
4. Collective nouns

See the following nouns

Common	Proper	Abstract	Collective
Letter Post E Mail Share Hour Time	Shani Jon Michel Google Yahoo	Creative Transaction Control Competition Check Write Solution	List of documents File of documents Board of directors Group of Google

• Again we can identify two categories of nouns from a grammatical point of view. The are countable nouns and uncountable nouns 

How you can identify countable nouns in a sentence

1. They have singular and plural forms
2. They can be counted without measurement
3. Can use number before them

Step ǐǐ

A countable noun has two forms the singular and plural forms
'Computer is singular'

when you add 's' to end of it becomes computers now more than one computers there then now it's plural 
now we will learn how to a singular nouns convert to the plural form there few methods to make plural forms

1. Adding 's' end of the noun we learnt it above and see below examples

   Singular	Plural
   Notebook  Mobile Pen Car Shop	Notebooks Mobiles Pens Cars Shops

2. When nous ending with x, s, ch, or sh make plural form adding 'es' end of noun 

   Singular	Plural
   Glass Brush  Tax Church	Glasses Brushes Taxes Churches

   
   
   Also singular forms ending with 'O' takes 'es' after O
   
   
3. Some other nouns takes 'ies' that ending with 'Y' then nouns ending 'y' dropping Y add 'ies' end of noun

   Singular	Plural
   City Country Carry	Cities Countries Carries

   
   
   v  If  a vowel comes before ‘Y’ not dripping Y and only and ‘s’
         
             Boy             Boys
             Play             Plays 
   
   
4. Some other singular nouns ending in 'F' or 'FE" change the 'f' to 'v' and add 'es' to the nouns ( this rule not apply always )

   Singular	Plural
   Leaf Sheaf	Leaves Sheaves

Exercise 02 

Change following nouns into plural form

Boss Bird Knife Baby

Roof Pass Sandwich Story

Dish Day Tie Piece

Cat Address Fly Mobile

Note

Make Ownership nouns
See the following examples

1. Sue has a nice vehicle
2. Her sister uses sue's vehicle 
3. Sri Lanka players have come to the stadium
4. The player's mind is fair in this season

in sentence one we show the ownership of the vehicle by using a verb 'Has" in sentence two the ownership of the vehicle is shown by adding a "s" after the nouns sue so we have added an apostrophe before adding 's' now its form is sue's

now see the following example

• Computer  → Singular form of nouns
• Computers → Plural form
• Computer's → Ownership of computer
• Computers' → Ownership of more then one computer 

 Now you know how to identify a nouns in the sentence

1. See the whether the word is singular or plural
2. See if it show the ownership
3. 'a , an, the, one, two' these words are come before the words we can identify it as a noun .these are noun makers or determiners ( We learnt about these in an above lesson )

Step ǐǐǐ

Nouns in Sentences

Nouns serve as two major functions

1. Serve as the subject of the sentence
2. Serve as the objective of the sentence

As the Subject

• Nouns + Verb

1. The student writes
2. Jon works

• Nouns + Verb + Adjective or Adverb

1. The internet is useful
2. Workers are efficiency

As the objective

• Noun + Verb + Noun

1. Jon make decisions
2. Student use internet

• Noun + Verb + Indirect Objective + Direct Objective

1. Sue showed to the Jon  the new iPad
2. The bank gave the cheque 

Read and study the post correctly ti improve your language abilities 

End of the Lesson 

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Download "Pacific Rim (2013) " Movie

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The Parts Of Speech.

Lesson No. 01 

Recognition 

The sensible sound or a combination of sounds in an any language becomes a part of speech. these sounds and words are essential for verbal communication and same as in written communication some time we use them as individual sounds, some times we combine one part of speech with another.

Therefor part of speech are essential to speech or write good English in our English use therefor learning the use of part of speech is an important component in English language  

After Studying this lesson you should be able to

• Identify different parts of speech
• Use them as individual 
• How they combine in communication
• Use them in sentences
• Find out the part of speech that occur in our English communication and how to use them correctly

The part of speech lesson will study under following sub lessons

  A. Articles                 B. Nouns                          C. Pronouns

  D. Verbs                    E. Prepositions                  F. Adjectives

  G. Adverbs                 H. Conjunctions 

Going to learn these every lessons post by post so it will be easy to you learn.

Lesson No 01.  A

Articles

a , an and the are called the articles then they are also called noun maskers or determiners since they signal when coming of a noun in a sentence. we discuss about articles under two steps 


Step 01

Definite and indefinite articles

'a and 'an are called as 'the indefinite articles then the is called as the definite articles

see the following example

Ben is an accountant 
Carol is a director
Ben is an accountant at Microsoft
Carol is a director at Microsoft 
Ben is the chief accountant at Microsoft
Carol is the managing director at Microsoft

In above sentences we are talking about two people Ben and Carlo we speak about their jobs. Since there can be many accountants and directors in first four sentences we are not making a definite sentence. in because Microsoft can have more then one accountants and more then one directors.


then we are making the definite statements in last two sentences. because when we speak of the chief accountant and managing director we know that can be only one position so that is why we use definite statements in the last two sentences in making these sentences. to give an indefinite meaning we use the indefinite articles 'a' and 'an' then to give a definite meaning we use the definite article 'the 

'a' and 'an' before a noun shows that it's a indefinite while 'the' shows that it's definite
when we speak of a person or thing for the first time we use indefinite articles and when we speak of them or those again we use the definite article 
See the example following 

I purchased a new car → first time
The care is blue color  → again 

( we use the in more sentences and places it's another lesson  we will be discuss about later )

 Step 02

Indefinite Articles 

( use of a and an )

the indefinite article has two forms a and an see the following notes to get knowledge how to use a and an in the sentences


Used with an

words starting with a vowel sound ( a,e,i,o,u)

eg:-  1. an invoice    2. an activity   

       3. an income    4. an egg   

beginning with a consonant but having vowel sound at the beginning

 eg:- 1. an hour        2. an honor

Used with a

words beginning with a consonant sound 

eg:- 1. a receipt    2. a mango     3. a boy

words beginning with a vowel but having consonant sound

eg:-  1. a university    2. a union

End of the lesson 

Exercise 01

Put a or an where the necessary 

• I want to ask ........ question 
• She is ........ Accountant at the our company
• George is  ........ honestest man of the committee 
• ...... union is arranging a meeting next week
• He requested ...... receipt for it

( if do you want correct answers for above exercise pls comment below )

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